chemistry

Properties of Solutions Home > Physical & Theoretical Chemistry > Properties of Solutions PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS Dalton’s Law – Law of Partial Pressures Gas Laws – Ideal Gas Law Properties of Solutions - Henry’s Law – Effect of Pressure on Solubility Solutions and Concentration - Solution Composition   Solutions are homogeneous mixtures . Many chemical reactions are carried out in solutions and solutions are closely related to our every day lives. The air we breathe, the liquids we drink and blood and the fluids in our body are all solutions. The components of a solution are: The solvent - the major component of a solution The solute - the minor component of a solution Solutions especially liquid solutions , usually have different properties than either the pure solvent or the solute. For example, pure wat...

Gas Laws - Ideal Gas Law Gas Laws – Ideal Gases   The Main Gas Laws The three main gas laws are stated below: Boyle’s law : The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the gas pressure: P ∝ 1/V  or  P = k/V  or P*V = k   (moles n and temperature T constant)  (1) Equation (1) shows that the product of the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature T is a constant k. Charles’ law : The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the temperature T (Kelvin) V ∝ T  or  V = c * T  (where c, pressure P and moles n constant)     (2) Avogadro’s law : Equal volumes of different gases compared at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. V ∝ n  (P and T constant)        (3) By combining (1), (2) and (3) above into one proportionality: V ∝ n*T/P     (4) Proportionality (4) can be replaced by an equality ...

Solutions and Concentration - Solution Composition Chemical reactions often take place in aqueous solutions. To perform stoichiometric calculations in such cases the amounts of chemicals present in solution – the concentration of solution - must be known. Concentration of a solution is a measurement stating the amount of a solute present in a known amount of solution: Concentration = amount of solute / amount of solution The terms solute and solution are usually used for liquid samples but they can be extended to gaseous and solid samples. The most common units of concentration are given in Table I.1: Common Units ...